First Skin Biopsy Reports in Children with Autism Show Loss of C-Tactile Fibers
نویسنده
چکیده
Autism is the most common developmental disability, affecting 1/45 children [1]. Its cause remains unknown. Clinically, it is defined by the appearance of social/language delay, unusual, repetitive behavior, and abnormal sensory responses by the age of 3 [2]. Abnormal responses to touch are amongst the earliest and most universally prevalent of abnormal sensory symptoms [3]. In 2013, when abnormal sensory responses were reclassified from co-morbid autism symptoms to core diagnostic symptoms, the need for definitive evaluation of the sense of touch was recognized. Children with autism are distinguished both by lack of interest in affective and affiliative touch [4] and by a generalized pattern of allodynia and hypoesthesia affecting multiple areas including the face, mouth, hands and feet [5]. Pain, temperature and affective/affiliative touch are mediated by small unmyelinated fibers known as C-tactile fibers [6]. Small fiber loss is diagnosed by skin biopsy and specialized staining [7]. Quantitative sensory testing is invalid in children with autism, and skin biopsies have not yet been reported. This is an exploratory study to determine whether C-tactile fiber loss is present in four autistic children with signs of hypoesthesia and allodynia.
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تاریخ انتشار 2016